Organoids Theory and Technology offers a comprehensive and authoritative exploration of one of the most transformative frontiers in modern biomedical science. Structured across 18 well-organized chapters, this academic monograph delves into the origins, principles, and technological advancements shaping the dynamic field of organoids research.
From foundational concepts and organ-specific models to cutting-edge topics such as tumor organoids, organ-on-a-chip systems, and engineering methodologies, the book presents a systematic analysis of organoids across all major human organ systems. It also addresses critical aspects such as biomaterials, evaluation techniques, translational applications, and future challenges, making it a holistic resource for both theoretical understanding and practical implementation.
Written with clarity and accessibility, Organoids Theory and Technology bridges multiple disciplines—life sciences, medicine, materials science, and biomedical engineering—making it an invaluable reference for researchers, educators, students, entrepreneurs, and policymakers alike. Whether you are engaged in academic inquiry, technological innovation, or policy development, this book provides the insight and depth needed to navigate and contribute to the rapidly evolving landscape of organoids science.
By reflecting mainstream research and anticipating future directions, this work not only promotes scientific literacy and innovation but also supports the integration of academic achievements with industrial applications-paving the way for meaningful progress in healthcare and biotechnology.
Chapter 1 Overview of Organoid Technology 1
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. History and current status of organoid development 5
1.3. Advantages of organoids 8
1.4. Organoid industry chain 10
1.5. Issues and development prospects of organoids 11
1.6. Summary 16
References 18
Chapter 2 Design Principles of Organoids 21
2.1. Introduction 21
2.2. Characteristics of organoids 22
2.3. Design principles of organoids 25
2.4. Design of organoids 28
2.5. Summary 32
References 32
Chapter 3 Organoids of the Motor System 35
3.1. Introduction 35
3.2. Development of organoids of the motor system 37
3.3. Bone organoid 39
3.4. Cartilage organoids 53
3.5. Bone marrow organoids 63
3.6. Muscle organoids 65
3.7. Tendon organoids 68
3.8. Summary 69
References 71
Chapter 4 Organoids of the Digestive System 77
4.1. Introduction 77
4.2. Development history of digestive system organoids 80
4.3. Tooth organoids 81
4.4. Tongue organoids 82
4.5. Salivary gland organoids 85
4.6. Esophageal organoids 86
4.7. Gastric organoids 88
4.8. Intestinal organoids 89
4.9. Liver organoids 91
4.10. Gallbladder organoids 92
4.11. Pancreatic organoids 93
4.12. Summary 94
References 96
Chapter 5 Organoids of the Respiratory System 102
5.1. Introduction 102
5.2. Development of respiratory organoids 103
5.3. Nasal organoids 106
5.4. Pharyngeal organoids 108
5.5. Tracheal organoids 110
5.6. Lung organoids 112
5.7. Summary 116
References 116
Chapter 6 Organoids of the Urinary System 121
6.1. Introduction 121
6.2. History and classification of urinary system organoids 122
6.3. Kidney organoids 124
6.4. Ureteric organoids 127
6.5. Bladder organoids 129
6.6. Urethral organoids 137
6.7. Summary 139
References 140
Chapter 7 Organoids of the Reproductive System 144
7.1. Introduction 144
7.2. Development of reproductive organoids 146
7.3. Male reproductive organoids 147
7.4. Female reproductive organoids 150
7.5. Summary 157
References 158
Chapter 8 Organoids of the Endocrine System 165
8.1. Introduction 165
8.2. Development of endocrine organoids 165
8.3. Hypothalamic-pituitary organoids 168
8.4. Thyroid organoids 170
8.5. Adrenal organoids 173
8.6. Pancreatic organoids 175
8.7. Gonadal organoids 178
8.8. Summary 180
References 180
Chapter 9 Organoids of the Neural System 183
9.1. Introduction 183
9.2. Development of neural organoids 186
9.3. Brain organoids 188
9.4. Spinal cord organoids 191
9.5. Peripheral nerve organoids 192
9.6. Summary 194
References 194
Chapter 10 Organoids of the Circulatory System 199
10.1. Introduction 199
10.2. Development of circulatory organoids 201
10.3. Cardiac organoids 203
10.4. Vascular organoids 208
10.5. Lymphoid organoids 211
10.6. Summary 214
References 214
Chapter 11 Organoids of the Sensory System 218
11.1. Introduction 218
11.2. Developmental history of sensory organoids 219
11.3. Skin organoids 220
11.4. Ear organoids 223
11.5. Eye organoids 226
11.6. Summary 228
References 229
Chapter 12 Tumor Organoids 235
12.1. Introduction 235
12.2. Development history of tumor organoids 237
12.3. Liver cancer organoids 240
12.4. Lung cancer organoids 243
12.5. Pancreatic cancer organoids 246
12.6. Kidney cancer organoids 249
12.7. Intestinal cancer organoids 252
12.8. Summary 255
References 256
Chapter 13 Organ-on-a-Chip: Technology and Applications 263
13.1. Concept of organ-on-a-chip 263
13.2. Construction of organ-on-a-chip 265
13.3. Applications of Organ-on-a-Chip 269
13.4. Summary 275
References 276
Chapter 14 Engineering of Organoids 279
14.1. Engineered platforms for organoid preparation 279
14.2. Engineering techniques for organoid preparation 283
14.3. Summary 286
References 288
Chapter 15 Biomaterials, Growth Factors, and Derivatives for Organoid Development 291
15.1. Biomaterials in organoids 291
15.2. Growth factors in organoids 296
15.3. Organoid derivatives 299
15.4. Summary 302
References 303
Chapter 16 Standardization and Evaluation of Organoids 309
16.1. Dimensions and purpose of organoid evaluation 309
16.2. Techniques and methods of organoid evaluation 310
16.3. Multidimensional evaluations for organoids 321
16.4. Summary 326
References 327
Chapter 17 Translational Applications of Organoids 331
17.1. Translational dimensions of organoids 331
17.2. Summary 342
References 343
Chapter 18 Prospects and Challenges of Organoid Development 347
18.1. Introduction 347
18.2. Future prospects of organoids 347
18.3. Challenges faced by organoids 352
18.4. Summary 355
References 356
